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Registros recuperados: 61
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Parasitologie des mollusques ArchiMer
Grizel, Henri.
Afin de mieux comprendre les problèmes de parasitologie des mollusques, il est nécessaire de donner un aperçu rapide sur : les principales espèces de mollusques réellement cultivées dans le monde, la naissance de la conchyliculture, le contexte de développement des recherches de parasitologie.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Parasitologie; Mollusques; Parasite; Marteilia refringens; Minchinia nelsoni.
Ano: 1976 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12465/9301.pdf
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Les Haplosporidies parasites de mollusques ArchiMer
Ormieres, René; Grizel, Henri.
Haplosporidiae are of a great economic importance because of the diseases they sometimes determine in edible molluscs, especially in oysters. Haplosporidia diseases can lead to the death of the hosts.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mollusques; Haplosporidia; Haplosporidies; Pathologie; Parasite; Parasitologie.
Ano: 1977 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1977/acte-6174.PDF
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Infections rickettsiennes chez les mollusques bivalves des côtes françaises ArchiMer
Comps, Michel.
Des microorganismes de type rickettsien ont été observés dans les cellules secrétrices de l'épithélium digestif de différents coquillages des côtes françaises. Chez les huîtres Crassostrea gigas et Ostrea edulis et chez Donax trunculus, les germes sont de forme coccoide ; la réplication s'effectue par division binaire. Leurs caractéristiques permettent de les ranger parmi les Rickettsiales. Des rickettsies avec cycle intracellulaire ont été trouvées chez C. angulata et chez les pélécypodes Tapes decussatus et Scrobicularia piperata. Ces procaryotes montrent un cycle complexe de développement avec des corps élémentaires, intermédiaires et initiaux. Ce cycle est semblable à celui des Rickettsiela ou des Chlamydiales.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mollusques; France; Pathologie; Rickettsie.
Ano: 1980 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00016/12719/9632.pdf
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La matière organique particulaire dans les eaux du bassin de Marennes-Oléron et de ses marais adjacents (claires) : conséquences pour la nutrition de l'huître Crassostrea gigas ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Zanette, Yvan; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Robert, Jean-michel; Razet, Daniel.
In 1979 and 1980, the characteristics of the particulate organic matter are defined fortnightly through seston analyses. It is very high in the basin and very low in the finishing ponds. The phytoplanktonic biomasses are maximal in May in the estuary, and in June-July in the finishing ponds, with chlorophyll contents 10 times higher than those monitored in the basin. Proteins are generally the main biochemical components found in both environments, with glucids accounting for 20 % and lipids for only 10 % of the biochemical components on average. The C/N ratios are almost constant in the finishing ponds with values around 5, typical of phytoplankton, whereas they are very high in the basin except in spring. In the same way, the protid/chlorophyll and the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres; Mollusques; Qualité eau; Seston; Matière organique; Claires ostréicoles; Bassin Marennes Oléron.
Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1981/acte-6213.PDF
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Etudes pathologiques et epidemiologiques des lesions parasitaires chez Ostrea edulis : Premiers resultats d'un recherche prospective comparative chez les principales especes de mollusques des zones ostreicoles de Bretagne nord ArchiMer
Poder, M; Auffret, Mathieu; Balouet, G.
This paper is a contribution to the study of the Bonamia ostreae epizooty in french european oyster Ostrea edulis : parasite process (hemocytic parasitosis); experimental contaminations on parks and in tanks. First results of an epidemiological watch conducted in oyster culture sites show in molluks mytilidae, pectinidae, cardiidae, veneridae: the absence of Bonamia ostreae forms; the existence of different types of parasitism or commensalisus of inequal pathological importance and especially a parasite of the Marteilia genus in Tapes sp . digestive epithelium. Additionally, a new example of hemocytosercoma is observed in Cerastoderma edule .
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ruditapes philippinarum; Tapes rhomboides; Tapes pullastra; Mytilus edulis; Cerastoderma edule; Ostrea edulis; Bivalvia; Marteilia; Bonamia ostreae; Comparative studies; Parasitic diseases; Commensalism; Parasitology; Marine mollusks; Epidemiology; Pathology; Pathologie; Mollusques; Bonamia ostreae; Epizootie; Ostrea edulis.
Ano: 1983 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1983/acte-1182.pdf
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Innovations in the nursery culture and maturation of bivalves ArchiMer
Flassch, Jean-pierre.
Innovations in the nursery culture and maturation of bivalves are being worked on at aIl levels of research and production, but transfer to the development stage must be effected differently in each case. Over the past twenty years, there have been a great many innovations in bivalve rearing, most of which may be described in terms of rearing conditions: higher and lower densities; confined or open environemnt; overflow; upwelling; floating, suspended, raised or ground systems, etc. The quality of an innovation is characterized by its influence on the efficient operation of the specific culture program and by how easily it may be transferred.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Maturation; Bivalves; Molluscs; Innovations; Grossissement; Prégrossissement; Bivalves; Mollusques; Innovations.
Ano: 1985 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/acte-6225.PDF
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Amélioration de l'évaluation des stocks de mollusques cultivés en Charente- Maritime ArchiMer
Bacher, Cedric; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Heral, Maurice; Prou, Jean.
The expansion of shellfish culture businesses (oysters, mussels, clams...) gives way to a competition for the use of limited food resources, especially in the Marennes-Oléron basin where water circulation is slow. Increasing the amount of cultivated molluscs leads, from a biological point of view, to:- a drop in growth performances- a rise in chronic mortalities, higher and higher, due to a weakness in the physiological state with a lack of stocks which would have compensated the habitat seasonal shortages (end of winter, etc...)- a greater weakness to diseases, linked to a deficient physiological state and a density rise which increases the proximity rate and thus, parasite propagation speed.For these primary reasons, and for the future of oyster culture,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Modélisation; Estimation; Echantillonnage; Mollusques; Marennes Oléron; Evaluation stocks.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/rapport-3841.PDF
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Recherches actuelles en pathologie des mollusques ArchiMer
Mialhe, Eric.
The different epizooties affecting traditional or recent shellfish culture activities (hatcheries, cockle culture) brought to light some microorganisms and parasites considered as the responsible pathogenic agents. However, in a number of cases, the etiology of these massive mortalities remains unexplained (Grassostrea gigas, Ruditapes philippinarum). Some additional works, based on some electron microscopy techniques and isolation methods, are thus essential in order to precise the infectious nature of these diseases.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Immunodiagnostics; Purification; Agent pathogène; Mya arenia; Ruditapes philippinarum; Crassostrea gigas; Mollusques; Pathologie.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/acte-6204.pdf
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Les maladies des mollusques : étiologie et progrès récents des recherches ArchiMer
Grizel, Henri.
Recent research in mollusc pathology has enabled different pathogens of the large systematlc groups to be described. The main microorganisms and Protozoans are enumerated showing the economic incidence of the deseases on mollusc production. We also mention recent results obtained in the laborarory for dlfferent purified organisms. Finally, we review advances in cell culture giving an example of the application of these techniques experimental pathogenesis.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Pathogens; Pathology; Molluscs; Agents pathogènes; Pathologie; Mollusques.
Ano: 1987 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1987/publication-3105.pdf
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Recherches sur les maladies des mollusques d'élevage ArchiMer
Grizel, Henri.
Shellfish farming has evolved from a harvesting business to a sedentary farming business. This evolution was done in stages, the main ones being management of natural sites, farming and maturing juveniles and adults. The different stages can moreover still be observed in several countries.... Among the research to be developed, pathology may be crucial for maintenance and growth of shellfish farming.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Prophylaxies zoosanitaires; Pathologies; Mollusques; Maladies.
Ano: 1987 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1987/acte-3114.pdf
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Pathologie des mollusques bivalves et protection des cheptels coquilliers ArchiMer
Grizel, Henri.
Shellfish farms show a number of specificities, some of which are decisive in the triggering and spreading of infectious and non-infectious diseases. This chapter deals only with infectious diseases which are currently the major hazard in shellfish culture, due to their virulence but also to the insufficiency of available fighting means. The epidemiological analysis is essentially based on the example of French shellfish culture. But the conclusions that can be drawn are of general interest. We then tackle the therapeutic and prophylactic fighting means. This study highlights the specificities of epizooties in bivalve molluscs and the constraints raised by fighting against farm diseases in an open and fluid environment, farming habits and the consumption...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mesures zootechniques; Traitement maladies; Prophylaxies zoosanitaires; Diagnostic; Maladies infectieuses; Maladies; Bivalves; Mollusques; Pathologie.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/publication-6246.PDF
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Relations entre le contenu lipidique des ovocytes de Pecten maximus (Mollusque, bivalve) et les performances des larves en élevage ArchiMer
Le Pennec, Marcel; Gueguen,.
The lipid content of spawned oocytes of Pecten maximus was studied by image analysis of semi -thin histological sections and a lipid index was defined. The female gametes were obtained by thermic stimulations of mature adults scallops from different populations after out of season conditioning or sampled in situ during the spawning season. After fertilization, the larval development was followed. The results reveal a large variability in lipid content of normal oocytes. The lipid content can be regarded as homogeneous inside a spawning but the heterogeneity is greater for wild scallops than for conditioned ones. A strong relationship appears between the lipid index and the hatching success, and the number of abnormal larvae after two days rearing. But no...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mollusques; Bivalves; Pecten maximus; Ovocytes; Lipides; Elevages larvaires; Mollusc; Bivalve; Pecten maximus; Oocytes; Lipids; Larval development.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00022/13345/10379.pdf
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Mise au point de méthodes de manipulation embryonnaire de mollusques bivalves. Application en génétique et pathologie infectieuse ArchiMer
Cadoret, Jean-paul.
Après vingt ans de programmes pivilégiant les méthodes d'élevage, les recherches concernant l'aquaculture, évoluent maintenant vers les domaines de la pathologie infectieuse et la génétique. La maîtrise des productions larvaires a en effet favorisé l'étude de la reproduction et de l'embryologie, et permet désormais d'aborder des travaux expérimentaux sur les différents stades embryonnaires. La polyploïdisation d'oeufs de moules ou d'huîtres a d'abord été envisagée par l'application d'un procédé d'électrofusion. Des expérimentations à grande échelle ont permis l'obtention d'embryons triploïdes (55% chez les huîtres et 36% chez les moules) ainsi que tétraploïdes (20% chez les huîtres et 26% chez les moules). La microinjection de spermatozoïdes a permis de...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mollusques; Bivalves; Polyploïdie; Electrofusion; Microinjection; Fécondation assistée; Rickettsies; Embryoculture; Trasfert de gène; B-galactosidase; Résistance; Pathologie; Génétique.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00440/55127/56585.pdf
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Mantle histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (L.) ArchiMer
Jabbour-zahab, Roula; Chagot, Dominique; Blanc, François; Grizel, Henri.
The edge and isthmus of the mantle of Pinctada margaritifera (Mollusc, Bivalvia) were studied using light and electron microscopy from a morphological and histochemical point of view. Six areas with several subareas were differentiated in the mantle edge. One of these areas is similar to the epithelium isthmus, Trials to elucidate the nature of the pigment responsible for the black colour of the shell and pearl indicate a melanin-like material. Possible functions of the distinctive epithelial areas in Pinctada margartifera mantle are discussed according to available data on the secretion of organic matrix of the shell, protein sclerotization and deposition of crystals in some pearl-forming molluscs. Three different epithelial areas in the outer mantle edge...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bivalvia; Mollusc; Pinctada margaritifera; Pigment; Ultrastructure; Structure; Mantle; Bivalves; Mollusques; Pinctada margaritifera; Pigment; Ultrastructure; Structure; Manteau.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/publication-2770.pdf
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Contribution à l'étude de mollusques marins : Iridovirus-like et Herpèsvirus-like. Description, caractérisation biochimique, cycle de multiplication viral, diagnostic et étude épidémiologique ArchiMer
Renault, Tristan; Le Deuff, Rose-marie; Cochennec, Nathalie; Chollet, Bruno; Maffart, Patricia.
Among the marine molluscs, Pacifie oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is actually the most reared specie in the world. Noticely in France, where it was imported between 1960 and 1970, and replaced by Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, which specie was decimated during this period because of iridoviruses. Uncontroled introductions of new species may however be hazardous. Indeed, they might be responsible for the appearance and the dissemination of new diseases of bivalve molluscs in importing country. In addition to these observations, the quasi monobreeding of Pacific oyster in France enhances the necessity to develop research concerning the diagnosis of pathologies affecting this specie, namely the diagnosis of viral diseases. Several families of viruses...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mollusques; Crassostrea gigas; Pathologie; Iridovirus; Herpèsvirus; Diagnostic; Molluscs; Crassostrea gigas; Pathology; Iridovirus; Herpesvirus; Diagnosis.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00041/15230/12548.pdf
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Essai d'acclimatation de Crassostrea virginica et performances biologiques comparées avec Crassostrea gigas (1ère partie) ArchiMer
Gerard, Andre; Naciri, Yamama; Peignon, Jean-marie; Ledu, Christophe; Phelipot, Pascal; Baud, Jean-pierre; Nourry, Max; Renault, Tristan; Cochennec, Nathalie.
Premier volet du programme d'essai d'acclimatation de l'huître américaine Crassostrea virginica, ce rapport présente les actions et les résultats de l'année 1992 qui a été consacrée à : • l'importation selon les normes du CIEM d'un lot de 50 huîtres en provenance d'Angleterre, • leur élevage en salle de quarantaine et leur conditionnement en vue d'une accélération de la maturation sexuelle, • l'obtention d'une première génération, ainsi que son suivi en élevage larvaire et en micronurserie à l'URGE-La Tremblade, • au contrôle des performances comparées des deux populations de C. virginica et de C. gigas en nurserie de prégrossissement à l'URRA-Bouin pendant toute la période automnale et hivernale. Au terme de cette première année d'étude il apparait que la...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mollusques; Acclimatation; Crassostrea virginica; Crassostrea gigas; Génétique; Pathologie.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18843/16417.pdf
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Essai d'acclimatation de Crassostrea virginica et performances biologiques comparées avec Crassostrea gigas (2ème partie) ArchiMer
Gerard, Andre; Naciri, Yamama; Peignon, Jean-marie; Ledu, Christophe; Phelipot, Pascal; Baud, Jean-pierre; Heurtebise, Serge; Nourry, Max; Renault, Tristan; Cochennec, Nathalie; Zanette, Yvan; Blachier, Philippe.
Deuxième volet du programme d'essai d'acclimatation de l'huître américaine Crassostrea virginica, ce rapport présente les actions et les résultats de l'année 1993 qui a été consacrée au suivi des performances comparées de croissance des populations de C. gigas et C. virginica produites en 1992, ceci en trois sites différents: • dans le bassin de Marennes-Oléron en claire et sur estran, à la station IFREMER de Bouin en élevage intensif, au CREAA sur l'Ile d'Oléron en marais extensif. Au terme de cette seconde année d'étude, il est d'ores et déjà possible d'affirmer que que la souche anglaise de C. virginica étudiée ne présente pas de caractéristiques de croissance susceptibles de la rendre compétitive par rapport au témoin Crassostrea gigas et cela d'autant...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mollusques; Acclimatation; Crassostrea virginica; Crassostrea gigas; Génétique; Pathologie.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18846/16419.pdf
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Un capteur biologique original enregistrant les mouvements valvaires des mollusques bivalves ArchiMer
Floch, Armelle.
L'auteur définit le concept de capteur biologique détectant les altérations de l'environnement à partir des réponses d'espèces sentinelles, puis présente les principaux systèmes existant en milieu aquatique. Il réalise ensuite la validation de deux dispositifs nouveaux enregistrant les mouvements valvaires de mollusques bivalves. Après une étude des principes de mesure, il analyse le comportement valvaire de moules marines, en conditions normales et lors de variations de la qualité de l'eau. Une discussion méthodologique sur ces capteurs valvaires conclut cette partie expérimentale, suivie d'une revue des applications envisageables, principalement en surveillance de l'environnement aquatique, dulçaquicole et marin.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mollusques; Moules; Espèces sentinelles; Indicateurs biologiques; Pollutions; Contrôle de l'environnement.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00442/55377/56896.pdf
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Sélection des mollusques : bilan et nouvelles perspectives concernant la croissance, la qualité et les résistances aux maladies ArchiMer
Naciri, Yamama.
In the case of molluscs, the implementation of selection programs with a precise evaluation of the available genetic variability and the estimate of the transmissibility of the characters as well as their correlations, face two main obstacles: the first one, specific, derives from the existence of some reproduction systems that are sometimes complex and still imperfectly mastered as for the flat oyster plate Ostrea edulis; the other, more general, is directly dictated by the importance of the infrastructures needed to keep a large number of differentiated families in controlled farming conditions. Despite these obstacles, a number of programs have been developed over the last twenty years with encouraging results.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marqueurs; Hybridation; Croissance; Sélection; Huîtres; Mollusques; Génétique.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1994/acte-6525.pdf
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SYstème de BIOmétrie Larvaire de bivalves par analyse d'images ArchiMer
De Pontual, Helene.
SYBIOL, SYstem of BIOmetry of Larvae by image analysis, has been designed for measuring larvae of bivalves in a semi automatic way. The main interest of this tool is to provide more information with the extraction of parameters such as area or equivalent diameter. Our purposes are to describe and evaluate the system which is now operational and used in routine in the mollusc hatchery of Argenton.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Croissance; Elevages larvaires; Mollusques; Analyse d'images; Growth; Larval rearing; Molluscs; Image analysis.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00451/56302/57890.pdf
Registros recuperados: 61
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